Ubuntu Terminal - Commands for User Groups, Directory, Permissions and Ownership
When you are working on Ubuntu/Linux OS, some important command given below can help you in managing Users groups and directories. 1. Check user-groups, a user account belongs to: $ groups 2. Add new user-group $ sudo groupadd user-group-name 3. Add user-account to a user-group: $ sudo usermod -a -G examplegroup exampleusername OR $ usermod -a -G group1,group2,group3 exampleusername 4. Change user account’s primary group: $ usermod -g groupname username 5. To change ownership of a folder: $ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/ OR $ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com/public_html $USER will take account of the current user logged in. 6. Check permissions to specific directory: $ ls -ld /directory/ 7. Link command (creating shortcut): $ sudo ln file1.txt file2.txt or we can also use ln to create symbolic links with the -s option $ sudo ln -s file1.txt file2.txt